Nymph, in they orisonsBe all my sins remembered.

First: Nymphs and prayers are not usually coupled. Nymphs being quite Greek, quite pagan, quite nature cult and orisons being a sort of ritualized prayer, specifically Christian, I think? It’s a very interesting pairing.

Second: Why does he want her to remember his sins in her prayers? Does he somehow need her to absolve him? Or is he thinking of sins the two of them might have enjoyed in the past and he’s claiming them for himself? Is he asking her to pray for him? What would these prayers sound like in his imagination? 

“Dear Lord, please forgive Hamlet for scaring the beejeezus out of me in my sewing closet the other day and for acting crazy and for seducing me behind the chapel that time and in the gazebo and the library and so on. Oh and that one time, he took your name in vain. Well, I’m sure it was more than that one time, lord, but I only heard it that once. Let’s see – he’s maybe not honored his mother so much lately. As far as I know, he’s never committed adultery or murder or theft so I think he’s good there. Well, anything I’ve forgotten, lord, just go ahead and forgive him for that, too – because I’m sure he’d like you to.”

Soft you now,The fair Ophelia!

I can’t stop thinking about punctuation, apparently – or maybe, because this speech is so familiar, the punctuation is the new thing in play here. 

These editors have completed this sentence with an exclamation point; the seldom used exclamatory end stop somehow gets used here? 

Are they attempting to suggest strong surprise at spotting Ophelia? 

Why? 

Is it that Ophelia’s wearing a crazy party hat, a feather boa and a pair of overalls? 

Maybe not so fair now, eh, Hamlet? 

I’d like to see a Ophelia be something more than fair. 

And thus the native hue of resolution is sicklied o’er with the pale cast of thought, And enterprises of great pitch and momentWith this regard their currents turn awryAnd lose the name of action.

There are a lot of ingredients in the stew of this sentence. There are these color metaphors (the hue, the pale cast) and the disease idea (sicklied). Also music (pitch). Or is it? By the way, what are pitch and moment doing together? I like them. But. . .

Pitch could also be a tar-like substance (don’t think that’s the idea here) or perhaps a high place? There are things that people stand on, with a little extra height. Or the pitch of a boat as it sails over water with a lot of movement in it.

I think that’s got to be the one because then we have more water images, with the current turning awry. If this were two sentences, as it may well be in other editions, this mixing of metaphors might be more logical. But – logical or not – the music of this line is undeniable and the drive of it and the thrust of it. It is a great exploration of how we can get off course (yet another metaphor) – even if the course he’s talking about seems to be suicide.
Except that it also doesn’t feel like that. It’s like – the real question for Hamlet isn’t so much To Be or Not to Be but To Kill or Not to Kill. To be Revenged or Not to Be Revenged. To Trust a Ghost or Not to Trust a Ghost. This speech is a beautiful mystery.

Thus conscience does make cowards of us all;

This is a line that sounds really good but doesn’t really follow the previous thought – at least in my understanding of “conscience.” Maybe conscience here is more like consciousness? That the awareness that one mess might so easily lead to another, even bigger, mess might just be a factor of being a conscious thinking being. That makes some sense to me. 
However, if conscience is conscience as I normally think of it, that is, a sense of morality, of doing right by someone or something, of goodness, somehow. And yes, awareness of our actions, too, how they might not be good choices – well, in that case: Yes, conscience does keep many of us from doing many things, some of which might be called cowardly in certain societies, particularly ones with HONOR at the center. I think of that study of honor and revenge in Southern men. (Listen to a show on it on You are not so Smart) They found that in cultures with a high honor code, participants were much more likely to exhibit vengeful behavior.  It points to an interesting cultural conundrum that puts conscience and cowardice in the same boat, that makes conscience the enemy of bravery, that makes conscientious objectors chickens rather than brave people standing up for their beliefs, for another morality. Curious. 
And then many months later after I first wrote in response to this line, I discover this: Zachary Lesser’s take on this line in his discussion of the Q1. In it, I learn that my sense of conscience – as in consciousness – has been an explanation many scholar’s before me have used. But Shakespeare uses conscience in its moral sense in other places in the play – so there’s a whole world of religious sense of conscience and morals and this line becomes a lever to pry open a world of worlds behind the various editions of the play. Listen to the Free Library’s Podcast to hear more details. 

Puzzles the will,And makes us rather bear those ills we haveThan fly to others that we know not of

Me, I’m always trying to fly to new ills. Not these ones he’s specifically referring to, i.e. not to DEATH but the other devils I don’t know.

The devil I know is familiar and intractable. The devil I don’t is seductive and offers the possibility of change. The devil I don’t know is sexy and suave. Even the problems he brings me are interesting. The devil I don’t know whispers seductively to my wanderlust suggesting that it will all be better over there, that that place will change everything. He convinces me that the devil I know is a real devil and he, the devil I don’t know, will be different. He will treat me better than the other devil.

But, after years of listening to each new devil, I came to see how each new devil quickly revealed how much like the old devil he was. It’s really like there’s really only one devil who happens to be a master of disguise.


But that the dread of something after death,The undiscovered country, from whose bournNo traveller returns,

I can’t help but think about Backwards and Forwards with this bit. Because this is the line that really makes his case that Hamlet is not saying this speech for his own benefit. Because, the fact is, Hamlet has direct experience of a traveller returning from death. His father, who he saw interred a month prior, has shown up quite vividly before him. He’s had all kinds of descriptions of the “undiscovered country.” He’s heard about the rending flames, the horrors, the sin-burning, etc. So it is hard to see this bit as a real inquiring thought on Hamlet’s part. It starts to seem like poetic embroidery on a theme he is exploring for the benefit of his audience. It’s a beautiful poetic embroidery or maybe even the sort of embroidery anyone creating a fiction will do. When lying, for example, we usually keep talking to help make our case. 

Who would fardels bear,To grunt and sweat under a weary life

I’m breaking this sentence up. I imagine that some editors do the same. It’s just such a giant bit of text. And not just a lot of words but a lot of complex ideas and a lot of words. So we’ll begin with the fardels and move on to the undiscovered country tomorrow. 
Today, life really does feel a bit like plowing forward under the yoke of something. There’s a way that it feels a little relentlessly difficult. When I was in my 20s, it seemed as if a better way was always around the corner. Everyone seems to be poor in their 20s – even the rich people. Then I noticed that all around me people were doing lots better than they used to be. They got jobs with salaries. They had families. And my life is still very much like it was when I was 25. I’m just as poor, if not poorer – but I have less hope for that being different and fewer people in my same boat. When there is no real hope for change, it can feel like a long hard slog across a muddy field, with a bundle of hardship on my back.   

And the spurns That patient merit of th’unworthy takes, When he himself might his quietus make With a bare bodkin?

Thousands of hearings of this speech and I don’t think I ever noticed this brief rhyme in the very middle of it. It’s like a little breath, perhaps at the end of a long sentence and in the middle of a long speech.

Also I have questions about these spurns. Is it that Patient Merit is hanging around and The Unworthy One comes along and spurns him? It’s about taking the spurns right?

“Zounds! I should take it!”

Someone making his quietus with a bare bodkin makes total sense, especially after putting up with that long list of whips and scorns.

The insolence of office,

Something really can happen to people when they take on a Position. Holding a fancy job title can sometimes create a kind of insolence. I’ve seen normal ordinary people behave like assholes suddenly because they’ve taken on a position of authority. These are usually people who have some discomfort at being in a position of some power so they tend to over-exercise it. Middle managers around the world become tyrants for fear for being seen as weak. Jung’s Shadow Sides emerge quite clearly in the offices of the world.

The law’s delay,

I don’t have much personal experience with lawsuits (gratefully) but reading Bleak House made me feel like I went through one vicariously. Dickens does such an extraordinary job of taking the reader through the hills and the valleys of a lawsuit. It is the ultimate delay of the law. The case would seem to have lingered on for ages, for generations, for lifetimes and the conclusion of all the stories are wrapped up within the conclusions of the lawsuit. I’ve never read a more vivid account of law. Or its delay.